What Causes Low Water Pressure and How to Fix It

What Causes Low Water Pressure and How to Fix It

Low water pressure can be a frustrating issue in your home, making simple tasks like showering, washing dishes, or filling up a bathtub more difficult. If you’ve noticed that your water pressure is weaker than usual, it’s important to pinpoint the cause of the problem. Fortunately, in many cases, low water pressure can be fixed with a bit of troubleshooting and, if needed, professional assistance.

In this article, we’ll explore the common causes of low water pressure and how you can address each issue to restore your home’s water flow.

What is Low Water Pressure?

Water pressure refers to the force that pushes water through pipes and into your fixtures. It’s measured in pounds per square inch (psi). In most homes, water pressure should be between 40-60 psi for optimal use. If the pressure falls below this range, it can result in poor water flow, making it hard to carry out everyday tasks.

Low water pressure can affect all or just some areas of your home, and it may be more noticeable in certain fixtures, such as showers or sinks.

Common Causes of Low Water Pressure

1. Clogged Pipes

Over time, mineral deposits, rust, or debris can accumulate inside your pipes, narrowing their internal diameter. This reduces the amount of water that can pass through the pipes, leading to low water pressure. This is especially common in homes with older plumbing systems, where pipes are more likely to corrode or build up deposits.

Fix: In many cases, you’ll need a plumber to clean or replace the affected pipes. A plumber may use techniques like hydro jetting to clear out mineral deposits and restore normal water flow.

2. Leaky Pipes

Leaking pipes can cause low water pressure because water escapes from the system before it reaches your fixtures. If you notice wet spots on your walls or floor, or hear the sound of running water when all faucets are turned off, it could indicate a leak somewhere in your plumbing.

Fix: Locate and repair any leaks. If the leak is hidden within the walls or underground, a plumber will need to assess the situation and may use tools like infrared cameras to detect the leak. Once found, the pipe can be repaired or replaced to restore proper water pressure.

3. Water Valve Issues

Your home’s main water valve controls the flow of water into your plumbing system. If the valve is partially closed or malfunctioning, it can restrict the water supply and result in low water pressure. It’s worth checking to ensure the valve is fully open.

Fix: Check the valve to make sure it’s completely open. If it’s stuck or malfunctioning, you may need to replace the valve or have a plumber assist with repairs.

4. Faulty Pressure Regulator

Some homes have a pressure regulator installed to control water pressure. If this device malfunctions or becomes clogged, it can cause either low or high water pressure. A faulty pressure regulator is a common cause of low water pressure, especially if you’ve recently had a plumbing repair or replacement in your system.

Fix: If you suspect a faulty pressure regulator, you may need to have it replaced by a licensed plumber. They will be able to adjust or install a new regulator to ensure consistent water pressure.

5. Sediment Build-Up in Fixtures

Sometimes, the cause of low water pressure isn’t in the pipes, but in the fixtures themselves. Over time, sediment and mineral deposits can build up in aerators and showerheads, reducing water flow. This is especially common in areas with hard water, which contains high levels of minerals like calcium and magnesium.

Fix: Clean your fixtures to remove any sediment or mineral buildup. You can soak showerheads, faucet aerators, and other fixtures in a mixture of vinegar and water to dissolve the deposits. If cleaning doesn’t restore water pressure, it may be time to replace the fixtures.

6. Municipal Water Supply Issues

In some cases, low water pressure can be due to issues with the municipal water supply. This could be caused by maintenance work, changes in water demand, or problems at the local water treatment plant. If your neighbours are also experiencing low water pressure, this is likely the cause.

Fix: If you suspect that the low water pressure is coming from the water supply, you can contact your local water authority to ask about any ongoing issues. Unfortunately, there’s not much you can do to resolve this on your own, but the water company may be able to fix the problem.

7. Pressure Loss from Multiple Fixtures

Another common cause of low water pressure is using multiple fixtures simultaneously. For example, running the dishwasher while someone is taking a shower may reduce the amount of water available for both tasks, leading to a drop in pressure. This issue may be more noticeable in homes with older plumbing or in areas where the water supply is already strained.

Fix: If you’re experiencing low water pressure only when multiple fixtures are in use, consider using water-saving appliances or spreading out tasks to avoid overloading the system. Installing a booster pump can also help improve water flow when using multiple fixtures.

8. Corroded or Damaged Water Meter

Your home’s water meter controls the flow of water into your property, and if it becomes damaged or corroded, it can restrict water flow and cause low water pressure. This is more likely to be an issue in older homes or if the meter hasn’t been maintained properly.

Fix: A plumber can inspect the water meter for any damage or corrosion and recommend a replacement if needed.

How to Fix Low Water Pressure in Your Home

1. Clean Your Fixtures

If only certain fixtures are affected, the problem may be due to mineral buildup. Cleaning or replacing aerators and showerheads can often restore normal pressure. Soak the fixtures in vinegar to break down mineral deposits and improve water flow.

2. Check for Leaks

Inspect your pipes for signs of leaks, such as damp areas on walls, ceilings, or floors. If you find a leak, call a plumber to fix it as soon as possible. Repairing leaks will prevent water loss and help restore normal water pressure.

3. Inspect the Pressure Regulator

If your home has a pressure regulator, it’s important to ensure it’s working correctly. If you notice fluctuating pressure or your water pressure is consistently low, it could be time to replace the regulator. A plumber can assess and adjust the regulator to maintain optimal pressure levels.

4. Flush Your Pipes

If your home’s pipes are old and clogged with debris, flushing the system may help clear blockages. Hydro jetting or pipe cleaning services are effective methods of flushing out sediment and restoring water flow.

5. Install a Booster Pump

In cases of consistently low water pressure, especially in homes with multiple fixtures, installing a booster pump can help increase the pressure. This pump works by increasing the water flow into your pipes, ensuring that water pressure remains strong throughout your home.

When to Call a Plumber

While some low water pressure problems can be resolved through simple DIY fixes, others may require professional expertise. If you’ve tried troubleshooting and the problem persists, or if you’re dealing with complex issues like leaky pipes, faulty pressure regulators, or major sediment build-up, it’s time to call a plumber. A licensed plumber can diagnose the problem and recommend the best course of action to restore your water pressure.

Low water pressure can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from clogged pipes and leaks to issues with the municipal water supply. By understanding the causes and troubleshooting simple fixes, you can often resolve the problem on your own. However, if the issue is more complex, it’s important to consult with a plumber to ensure that your plumbing system is working as it should. Keeping your pipes and fixtures well-maintained is the best way to prevent future water pressure issues and enjoy consistent, reliable water flow in your home.