How to Fix a Leaky Faucet: A Step-by-Step Guide

How to Fix a Leaky Faucet: A Step-by-Step Guide

A leaky faucet is one of the most common household plumbing issues. Not only is the constant drip annoying, but it can also lead to higher water bills over time. Fortunately, fixing a leaky faucet is a simple task that most homeowners can tackle themselves. By following this step-by-step guide, you can learn how to fix a leaky faucet and restore peace to your home while saving money on water.

Why Do Faucets Leak?

Before diving into the repair process, it’s important to understand why faucets leak. A leaky faucet is often caused by the deterioration of the internal components, particularly the washer, O-ring, or cartridge. Over time, the constant pressure of water can cause these parts to wear out, leading to leaks around the faucet handle or spout.

Tools You’ll Need

• Adjustable wrench

• Screwdriver (flathead and Phillips)

• Replacement parts (washer, O-ring, cartridge, etc.)

• Plumber’s tape (optional)

• Basin wrench (optional)

• Clean cloth

Step 1: Turn Off the Water Supply

The first and most important step is to turn off the water supply to the faucet. Most faucets have two shut-off valves under the sink—one for hot water and one for cold. Turn both valves clockwise to shut off the water.

If you can’t find the shut-off valves or if they’re not functioning properly, you may need to turn off the main water supply to the house. This is typically done at the water meter, so make sure you know where it is located before you begin.

Once the water is off, turn the faucet on to relieve any remaining water pressure in the pipes. This also helps drain any water left in the faucet.

Step 2: Plug the Drain

Before you begin disassembling the faucet, plug the sink drain to prevent any small parts from falling down the drain. You can use a sink plug or a clean cloth to cover the drain.

Step 3: Disassemble the Faucet

Now, it’s time to take the faucet apart. The disassembly process can vary depending on the type of faucet you have—whether it’s a compression, cartridge, ball, or disc faucet. Here’s how to tackle each:

For Compression Faucets:

1. Remove the handle: Most compression faucets have screws on the handle, which you’ll need to unscrew using a flathead or Phillips screwdriver. Once the screw is removed, you can pull the handle off.

2. Remove the packing nut: Using your adjustable wrench, loosen and remove the packing nut. This will expose the stem of the faucet.

3. Remove the stem: With the packing nut off, use the adjustable wrench to unscrew and remove the stem. You should now have access to the rubber washer at the bottom of the stem.

For Cartridge Faucets:

1. Remove the handle: Like compression faucets, start by removing the handle using a screwdriver. Some cartridge faucets have a decorative cap that needs to be pried off first.

2. Remove the retaining clip: Cartridge faucets usually have a retaining clip or nut holding the cartridge in place. Use a wrench or pliers to remove it.

3. Pull out the cartridge: Once the retaining clip is removed, you can pull out the cartridge. This is the part that usually needs replacing.

For Ball Faucets:

1. Remove the handle: Ball faucets often have a single handle, which can be removed by unscrewing a set screw with a flathead screwdriver.

2. Remove the cap and collar: After removing the handle, use pliers to unscrew the cap and collar that hold the ball assembly in place.

3. Remove the ball assembly: Once the cap and collar are off, you can pull out the ball assembly. If needed, replace the rubber seals around the ball.

For Disc Faucets:

1. Remove the handle: Unscrew the handle with a screwdriver to expose the cartridge.

2. Remove the cartridge: Use pliers or an adjustable wrench to remove the cartridge. You may also need to remove a locking nut.

3. Inspect the seals: Disc faucets have two rubber seals that could be the source of the leak. Replace them as needed.

Step 4: Inspect the Parts

Once the faucet is disassembled, take a close look at the parts, especially the washer, O-ring, or cartridge. These are the most common causes of a leaky faucet.

• Washer: For compression faucets, check the rubber washer at the bottom of the stem. If it’s worn or cracked, it will need to be replaced.

• O-ring: For cartridge or ball faucets, inspect the O-ring seals. Over time, O-rings can wear out, causing water to leak from the faucet.

• Cartridge: For cartridge faucets, the entire cartridge may be damaged and need to be replaced.

• Seals and Springs: For disc faucets, inspect the seals and springs that ensure a proper seal between the moving parts.

Step 5: Replace the Damaged Parts

Once you’ve identified the damaged or worn parts, head to your local hardware store or plumbing supply store to find the appropriate replacement parts. It’s always a good idea to take the old parts with you to ensure the new ones match exactly.

Replace the damaged components with the new ones, ensuring that they are seated properly and securely. Be sure to replace washers, O-rings, and cartridges with the correct size and type to avoid future leaks.

Step 6: Reassemble the Faucet

Now that the damaged parts have been replaced, it’s time to put everything back together. Follow the reverse order of disassembly to reassemble the faucet:

• Install the new parts (washer, O-ring, cartridge, etc.).

• Tighten the packing nut or retaining clip.

• Reattach the handle and secure it with screws.

• Ensure everything is properly tightened, but avoid over-tightening, as this can cause damage.

Step 7: Turn On the Water Supply

Once the faucet is reassembled, it’s time to test your work. Remove the drain plug, turn the water supply back on, and slowly turn on the faucet. Check for any leaks around the handle or spout. If you notice any leaks, you may need to disassemble the faucet again and check if all parts are seated properly.

Step 8: Clean Up

After confirming that the leak has been fixed, clean up your work area, and store any leftover parts or tools. Dispose of the old parts properly, and make sure everything is tidy.

Fixing a leaky faucet is a straightforward task that most homeowners can do with a little time and patience. By following these simple steps, you can save money on repairs and prevent the annoying drips that waste water and increase your utility bills. If you’ve followed the steps above and the leak persists, it may be time to call in a professional plumber to inspect your faucet further or replace more extensive plumbing components.